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This website contains spoilers for Andy Weir’s Project Hail Mary.
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#24 +ℓ

There are 813,911 Unicode characters in the novel.

600,829 are lowercase Latin letters
27,593 are uppercase Latin letters
51 are Latin letters with diacritics: á ç è é
16 are Greek letters: λ (representing Eridian 3)
20 are lowercase Cyrillic letters
42 are uppercase Cyrillic letters
17 are lowercase script: ℓ (representing Eridian 0)
19 are Chinese characters
1,598 are digits
1,297 are hyphen / minus sign: -
533 are en-dashes or em-dashes: – —
214 are parentheses: ( )
50 are opening single quotes: ‘
5,511 are apostrophes / closing single quotes: ’
4,206 are opening double quotes: “
4,203 are closing double quotes: ”
459 are ellipses: …
24,539 are other punctuation characters: ! % , . / : ; ? @
1 is the dollar sign: $
9 are plus sign or equal sign: + =
12 are the degree sign: °
1 is the trademark sign: ™
179 are musical notes: ♩ ♪ ♫
142,451 are spaces
44 are no-break spaces
17 are thin spaces

There is no distinction in the characters used for hyphen versus minus sign, for apostrophe versus closing single quotes, or for the degree sign used for temperature versus angle.

The mismatch between opening and closing double quotes is due to multi-paragraph direct speech (see a future beanbag).

The thin spaces are used between single quotes and double quotes where one is embedded in the other.

The Eridian symbols for 1, 2, and 4 (i.e. I, V, and +) are not distinguishable at the Unicode character level.

The Eridian symbol for 5 (i.e. V̶) is implemented in the e-book as just a V with a strike-through so does not come up as a distinct character.

Similarly, superscripts and subscripts (in both mathematical and chemical equations) are, in the e-book, just regular digits styled accordingly and so also do not come up as distinct characters.